The Linux file system has a standardized structure where each directory serves a specific purpose. In this article, I will explain what each directory does, starting from the root directory. / – Root Directory This is the directory where all the files that make up Linux and the operating system exist. This main directory is represented by a slash. All subdirectories, including hardware, user files, system settings, temporary files, and virtual directories related to the kernel, are located under /. ...

There is something we always use in any Linux distribution through any terminal interface—often without realizing it: the shell. In this article, I tried to briefly explain what a shell is, how it works, the difference between built-in and external commands, and the PATH variable. What is a Shell? In Linux, a shell is a software that acts as an interface between the user and the operating system kernel. It takes commands from the user, interprets them, and passes them to the kernel. For example, when a user wants to run the ls command, the shell takes this command and runs the ls utility. The most popular shell used in Linux is Bash (Bourne Again Shell), but there are many alternatives available. ...

Open source and free software are two terms that are often confused. In this post, we’ll clearly explain what each one means and how they differ. Open Source Open source software is code that’s shared openly with the community. Anyone can view, audit, and often contribute to it. This transparency improves security, since malicious code is easier to detect, and also allows projects to grow faster with help from contributors. ...

In 1991, the Linux kernel, which he wrote as just a personal project, has became one of the foundation stones of today’s open, accessible and massive internet. Today, this kernel that runs behind billions of servers, smartphones and infrastructure systems is not just a software; it became a symbol of open source philosophy, global collaboration and digital freedom. ...

Let’s take a look at how to install Kali Linux — the most widely used distribution in the field of cybersecurity. ...